Dictionary:
Alkali Metals: Alkali Metals are the first group of elements. Alkali metals are reactive because of their ionization energies. Ionization energy is the energy required to remove one electron from the atom. Alkali metals have only one valence electron, and if you'll recall all atoms want to be noble gases, i.e. they want full valence shells. Since alkali metals have this one electron in their valence shell, they'll readily "give away" their one electron than attempt to "pull in" seven electrons.
Alkaline Earth Metals: The alkaline earth elements are metallic elements found in the second group of the periodic table. All alkaline earth metals are very reactive. Because of their reactivity, the alkaline metals are not found free in nature.
Transition Metals: Transition Metals are included in groups 3-12.There are 38 elements in groups 3-12 These elements are very hard, with high melting/boiling points, they have low ionization energies. They are both ductile and malleable, and conduct heat and electricity. Iron, Cobalt and Nickel are the only three of the transition metals to priduce a magentic field.
Other Metals: Other Metals consists of aluminium, gallium, indium, tin, thallium, lead & bismuth. They are located in groups 13-15. these elements are ductile and malleable, but they aren't the same as Transition Metals. These elements, unlike Transition elements, their valence electrons are only present in their outer shell. all of these elements are solid, have a relatively high density, and are opaque.
Metalloids: Metalliods are th elements found along the stair-step line that distinguishes metals from non-metals. This line is drawn between Boron and Aluminum to the border between Polonium and Astatine. The only exception to this is Aluminum, which is classified under Other Metals. Metalliods have properties from both metals and non-metals. Some of the Metalliods, such as silicon and germanium, are semi-conductors. This means that they can carry an electrical charge under special conditions. This property makes Metalliods useful in computers and calculators. Metalliods consists of, boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, anitmony, terrulium & polonium.
Non-Metals: Non-Metals are the element groups from 14-16. Non-metals cannot conduct alectricity or heat very well. As opposed to metals, non-metallic elements are very brittle, and cannot be rolled into wires or pounded into sheets. Non-metals exsist in 2 of the 3 states of matter at room temperature: gases (e.g Oxygen) and solids (e.g Carbon). The non-metals have no metallic luster, adn do not reflect light.
Non-Metals consists of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur & selenium.
Halogens: The halogens are five non-metallic elements found in group 17 of the periodic table. The term "halogen" means "salt-former" and compounds containing halogens are called "salts". All halogens have 7 electrons in their outer shells. The halogens exist, at room temperature, in all three states of matter:
Solid-Iodine, Astanine
Liquid-Bromine
Gas-Flurine, Chlorine
Noble Gases: The six noble gases are found in group 18 of the periodic table. These elements were considered to be inert gases until the 1960's. All noble gases have the maximum number of electrons possible in their outer shell (2 for Helium, 8 for all others), making them stable.
Rare Earth Elements: There are 30 elements the periods 6 and 7. they are arranged into two series: The Lanthanide Series and The Actinide Series. Most of these elements are called trans-Uranium, which means man made.
Valence:Valence is typically, the number of electrons needed to fill the outermost shell of an atom. Because exceptions exist, the more general definition of valence is the number of electrons that an atom generally bonds with or number of bonds an atom forms.
Alkaline Earth Metals: The alkaline earth elements are metallic elements found in the second group of the periodic table. All alkaline earth metals are very reactive. Because of their reactivity, the alkaline metals are not found free in nature.
Transition Metals: Transition Metals are included in groups 3-12.There are 38 elements in groups 3-12 These elements are very hard, with high melting/boiling points, they have low ionization energies. They are both ductile and malleable, and conduct heat and electricity. Iron, Cobalt and Nickel are the only three of the transition metals to priduce a magentic field.
Other Metals: Other Metals consists of aluminium, gallium, indium, tin, thallium, lead & bismuth. They are located in groups 13-15. these elements are ductile and malleable, but they aren't the same as Transition Metals. These elements, unlike Transition elements, their valence electrons are only present in their outer shell. all of these elements are solid, have a relatively high density, and are opaque.
Metalloids: Metalliods are th elements found along the stair-step line that distinguishes metals from non-metals. This line is drawn between Boron and Aluminum to the border between Polonium and Astatine. The only exception to this is Aluminum, which is classified under Other Metals. Metalliods have properties from both metals and non-metals. Some of the Metalliods, such as silicon and germanium, are semi-conductors. This means that they can carry an electrical charge under special conditions. This property makes Metalliods useful in computers and calculators. Metalliods consists of, boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, anitmony, terrulium & polonium.
Non-Metals: Non-Metals are the element groups from 14-16. Non-metals cannot conduct alectricity or heat very well. As opposed to metals, non-metallic elements are very brittle, and cannot be rolled into wires or pounded into sheets. Non-metals exsist in 2 of the 3 states of matter at room temperature: gases (e.g Oxygen) and solids (e.g Carbon). The non-metals have no metallic luster, adn do not reflect light.
Non-Metals consists of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur & selenium.
Halogens: The halogens are five non-metallic elements found in group 17 of the periodic table. The term "halogen" means "salt-former" and compounds containing halogens are called "salts". All halogens have 7 electrons in their outer shells. The halogens exist, at room temperature, in all three states of matter:
Solid-Iodine, Astanine
Liquid-Bromine
Gas-Flurine, Chlorine
Noble Gases: The six noble gases are found in group 18 of the periodic table. These elements were considered to be inert gases until the 1960's. All noble gases have the maximum number of electrons possible in their outer shell (2 for Helium, 8 for all others), making them stable.
Rare Earth Elements: There are 30 elements the periods 6 and 7. they are arranged into two series: The Lanthanide Series and The Actinide Series. Most of these elements are called trans-Uranium, which means man made.
Valence:Valence is typically, the number of electrons needed to fill the outermost shell of an atom. Because exceptions exist, the more general definition of valence is the number of electrons that an atom generally bonds with or number of bonds an atom forms.